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- Network Working Group J. Postel
- Request for Comments: 902 J. Reynolds
- ISI
- July 1984
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- ARPA-Internet Protocol Policy
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- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo is a policy statement on how protocols become official
- standards for the ARPA-Internet and the DARPA research community.
- This is an official policy statement of the ICCB and the DARPA.
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Introduction
-
- The purpose of this memo is to explain how protocol standards are
- adopted for the ARPA-Internet and the DARPA research community.
- There are three important aspects to be discussed: the process, the
- authority, and the complex relationship between the DARPA community
- and the DDN community. To do this some background must be given and
- some of the players described.
-
- DARPA = Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- DDN = Defense Data Network
-
- The DARPA World
-
- The DARPA world is headed up by the DARPA office. DARPA sponsors
- research on many subjects with a number of contractors. This set of
- contractors is called the "DARPA research community". DARPA
- typically casts its research efforts into "programs" that involve
- work by several contractors. One program is the "Internet Program",
- which is researching computer communications issues and constructing
- experimental communication systems. When the experiments are
- successful, the results are often put into use to support further
- work in the Internet Program and other DARPA research programs. In
- this way, DARPA developed the ARPANET, SATNET, Packet Radio Networks,
- and the Internet.
-
- In 1981 DARPA established the Internet Configuration Control Board
- (ICCB) to help manage the DARPA Internet Program.
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- Postel & Reynolds [Page 1]
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- RFC 902 July 1984
- DARPA Internet Protocol Policy
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- The ICCB
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- The concerns of the ICCB fall into two categories:
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- Short Term Issues:
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- Keeping the Internet operating as an on-going resource, i.e.,
- dealing with problems that arise due to the growth in the size
- of the system and the level of use of the system. Sometimes
- this suggests research on new procedures and algorithms, or
- suggests changes to the existing protocols and procedures.
- Sometimes the results of long range research become available
- and their introduction into the current system becomes a short
- term concern.
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- Long Term Issues:
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- The ICCB also considers communication problems related to the
- Internet more abstractly. The ICCB suggests to DARPA possible
- research topics and experiments. The ICCB may act as a
- sounding board for ideas suggested by others.
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- DARPA has delegated some aspects of the management of the Internet
- Program and operation of the (experimental) ARPA-Internet for the
- DARPA research community to the ICCB.
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- The members of ICCB were chosen to represent a spectrum of interests
- and viewpoints. The ICCB members are from different organizations,
- their individual backgrounds specialize in different operating
- systems and their viewpoints on computer communication issues are
- diverse.
-
- The chairman of the ICCB is also the "Internet Architect", and the
- assistant chairman is the "Deputy Internet Architect". The ICCB
- currently has 12 members. The Internet Architect is Dave Clark of
- MIT, and the Deputy Internet Architect is Jon Postel of ISI.
-
- The DDN World
-
- The DDN is a communication system for DoD operational use. It
- integrates many networks and communication systems now used and
- planned within the DoD. One part of the DDN system is networks that
- are also part of the Internet, specifically MILNET and the networks
- connected to it.
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- The DDN is managed by the DDN Program Management Office (DDN-PMO).
- The DDN-PMO sets policy for the use of DDN facilities and enforces
- protocol standards established for use in the DDN networks.
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- Postel & Reynolds [Page 2]
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- RFC 902 July 1984
- DARPA Internet Protocol Policy
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- Within the DoD, there are three protocol committees: the Protocol
- Standard Steering Group (PSSG), the Protocol Standard Technical Panel
- (PSTP), and the Protocol Configuration Control Board (PCCB). These
- committees have members that represent most elements of the DoD.
- Generally, they develop and recommend guidelines for protocol
- standardization and usage to the DDN-PMO, and to all of the DoD. The
- PSSG is a policy setting committee for all of DoD on matters of
- protocols standards.
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- The Relationship between the DARPA World and the DDN World
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- There is cooperation between DDN-PMO and DARPA about the Internet. A
- few people serve on both the DoD committees (PSSG, PSTP, or PCCB) and
- the DARPA committee (ICCB). There are good working relationships
- between the key people in the DARPA office and the DDN-PMO, and
- between the technical people in both worlds at lower levels.
-
- For example, the ICCB may decide that a certain protocol is to be
- used in the ARPA-Internet, and develop an implementation plan and
- schedule. The DDN-PMO would separately consider the issue. It may
- decide to require that protocol to be implemented in DDN on the same
- schedule, or it may decide to wait for some results from the DARPA
- experiment with that protocol before committing to a schedule, or it
- may decide that that protocol is not required in the DDN.
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- There are two documents that specify TCP. RFC-793 is the official
- specification of the DARPA research community. Military Standard
- 1778 is the official specification of the DDN community. The two
- documents specify the same protocol.
-
- Organizations that are connected to the Internet through authority
- derived from DARPA follow the rules set by the ICCB and DARPA.
-
- Organizations that are connected to the Internet through authority
- derived from DDN-PMO follow the rules set by the DDN-PMO.
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- DARPA Official Protocol Designation
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- Official protocols for the ARPA-Internet and DARPA research community
- are specified in RFCs and should have that designation indicated in
- the first few paragraphs of the defining RFC. That is, the RFC
- defining an official protocol should have a policy statement that
- says,
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- "This RFC specifies a standard for the DARPA community. Hosts on
- the ARPA-Internet are expected to adopt and implement this
- standard.",
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- Postel & Reynolds [Page 3]
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- RFC 902 July 1984
- DARPA Internet Protocol Policy
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- or something quite similar.
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- Also, there is a memo titled "Official Protocols". This document is
- issued occasionally as an RFC that describes all the official
- protocols of the ARPA-Internet. This document provides information
- on each protocol; its status (experimental, required, etc.),
- specification, additional comments, other references, dependencies,
- and the person to contact. The most recent issue is RFC-901.
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- RFCs are coordinated by the RFC Editor and distributed by the Network
- Information Center (NIC). The RFC documents are stored as online
- files in the NIC's computer. Announcements of new RFCs are sent to a
- mailing list of interested people. The RFC Editor is Jon Postel.
-
- The Normal Development of an DARPA Protocol Standard
-
- There probably never has been a "normal" case. In most instances
- some exception or another has been made to the following procedure.
-
- The Typical Chain of Events
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- The development of a protocol starts with some discussion with
- random people in messages and meetings over an idea of a new
- protocol and the form it ought to take.
-
- Someone writes a draft and proposes this draft to a group of
- people who are interested in the problem. They suggest revisions
- and iterate the discussion. Eventually, they may decide that they
- have a reasonable definition of the new protocol and then pass
- this definition on to the RFC Editor.
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- The next step is that the RFC Editor sends a draft to other people
- who might also be interested in the problem. These people can
- number just a few, or be part of a large mailing list. Depending
- upon the results from this selected informal group, the draft can
- be revised and rewritten several times.
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- When this process stabilizes, the protocol draft is sent out as an
- RFC, identified as a draft proposal of a protocol that may become
- an official protocol. The RFC is sent to the ARPA-Internet world
- at large.
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- After a certain amount of time, if only a few comments are sent
- back, some people may try to implement the draft protocol.
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- Test implementation of a protocol is a difficult management issue.
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- Postel & Reynolds [Page 4]
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- RFC 902 July 1984
- DARPA Internet Protocol Policy
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- Experiments must be done with a small number of participants due
- to the difficulty in changing many implementations at the same
- time if changes in the protocol are necessary.
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- In cases where the ICCB deems it necessary, a set of test
- implementations will be done. A few participants are picked
- (typically 5 or fewer) for such experiments. This may lead to
- revision of the protocol before further implementations are
- encouraged or before the protocol is made official.
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- If no problems arise, a new RFC is issued containing the complete
- definition of the protocol, and that the protocol is an official
- protocol of the ARPA-Internet and DARPA research community.
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- In general, lower level protocols are more critically judged than
- higher level protocols (for example, a protocol like TCP would be
- subject to more careful study than an application like the DAYTIME
- protocol).
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- The Bottom Line
-
- For the ARPA-Internet and the DARPA research community, DARPA is in
- charge. DARPA delegates the authority for protocol standards to the
- ICCB. The ICCB delegates the actual administration of the protocol
- standards to the Deputy Internet Architect.
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- For the DoD in general, the PSSG is in charge. The PSSG delegates
- the authority for the day to day management of protocol standards in
- the DDN to the DDN-PMO.
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- Postel & Reynolds [Page 5]
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